跨国合作中的信任差异与个人/集体主义维度

在全球竞争中,发展信任对有跨国业务的公司至关重要,但国家文化的差异会影响来自不同文化的公司感知和发展信任的方式。从建立信任方式、内外部信任、对被信任方评估和信任发展过程中的差异几个方面,讨论集体主义和个人主义文化中信任建立的差异很有必要。     

Understanding postorganic fresh fruit and vegetable consumers at participatory farmers’ markets in Ireland: reflexivity,trust and social movements

This paper examines how trusting relations between consumers and vendors of organic fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) in a particular type of farmers’ market (FM) in Ireland are established and maintained, and what the implications of this are. First, the food system is outlined, and then its attendant problems. These problems have led to various solutions, two of which are organic food and FMs. Then, the growth in these two areas is outlined, as is the accompanying growth in the academic literature on these two areas, some of which overlaps. Various pressures, including in particular the increasing distance food travels and disconnected stallholders and products at the FM, are suggested. In light of this, a need to apply an understanding of the reflexive consumer, trust and social movements is suggested. It is found that the consumers interviewed act reflexively by choosing to go to these FMs. They prioritize the trusting relationships built up through repeated personal contact at these FMs over and above organic certification. Along with and as part of this, they prioritize local, fresh, seasonal ‘chemical‐free’ FFVs over and above imported certified organic produce. Various aspects of collective identity formation, including modes of behaviour, objects and stories, and language, are involved in this process. These elements, to some extent, act as a buffer against the pressures of distance and disconnection. Along with this, the essential meaning of the word organic is, in this particular context, reconstructed to include various socio‐environmental values missing from some certified organic produce. The word postorganic is suggested. The main methodologies used are semistructured in‐depth interviews and participant observation.     

浅析电子商务市场中的信任机制——基于“柠檬市场”理论的分析

通常认为,互联网的出现有利于消除消费者的信息劣势,但事实是,电子商务市场的“柠檬”问题却因为网络的虚拟性实际上被强化了,它可能会降低人们对网络交易的信任感。为此,如何解决这些问题就需要我们进行深入的探讨。本文以“柠檬市场”理论为出发点,分析了信任缺乏的内在机理,并结合案例分析提出了建立网络信任的策略思路。     

The Role of Buyer Trust in Outsourced CRM: Its Influence on Organizational Learning and Performance

Purpose: Company outsourcing of customer relationship management (CRM) functions is increasing (Kalaignanam and Varadarajan 2012). Although outsourcing CRM may provide financial benefits, the tasks of developing and utilizing the complex, cross-functional processes needed to gain enhanced customer knowledge from CRM may be more difficult when some or all CRM activities are outsourced. Trust in the information provided by the outsourced CRM supplier is vital. In this study, the authors examine the influence of buyer trust in its outsourced CRM supplier on cross-functional learning processes and firm performance within the buyer firm.

Methodology: Data were collected from a survey of marketing managers in 221 firms. LISREL 9.2 was used to assess convergent, discriminant, and nomologic validity using the two-step approach (Anderson and Gerbing 1988). Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated in the measurement model phase, whereas the structural model provided an appraisal of nomologic validity.

Findings: The results provide evidence of buyer firm trust in the outsourced CRM supplier playing a critical role in the buyer firm’s success with information sharing, and both trust and information sharing strongly influencing information interpretation and information access in the buyer firm. All three organizational learning processes positively influence buyer firm customer satisfaction/retention and market performance.

Research implications: An important area for future research is the possibility of varying levels of trust needed for success with outsourced CRM depending on the buyer firm’s goals for its CRM system. It is possible that the simpler CRM functions could be outsourced effectively through efficiency strategies that do not require significant levels of trust, whereas the more complex CRM activities that affect organizational learning require more stringent coordination and inter-organizational development. Varadarajan’s (2009) cost versus quality classifications of outsourcing could be a useful starting point for this type of analysis. Considering the finding in this study that information sharing is critical for information interpretation and information access in the buyer firm, another area for future research is possible differences in the extent of information sharing required by firms that are outsourcing CRM versus those that conduct the CRM function in-house. One starting point could be possible differences in relevance among Maltz and Kohli’s (1996) factors affecting information dissemination.

Practical implications: For effective use of CRM data, it is important for buyer firms to develop trust in their outsourced CRM supplier. Managers can assist in this by communicating qualifications of the outsourced CRM supplier, such as any trade-specific certifications, awards, information about the supplier’s number of years in business, and examples of other companies the supplier has assisted. Managers can also help employees develop confidence in the supplier’s integrity by sharing the supplier’s code of ethics and serving as a champion for the supplier. In addition, firms engaged in outsourced CRM are encouraged to develop reward systems that motivate employees to build relationships with their counterparts in the supplier firm, and it would be useful for the buyer firm to help its employees understand the importance of the CRM outsourcing relationship to the buyer firm’s success. Finally, it is important for management to provide opportunities for interaction between the outsourcing partner and key buyer firm employees who will use the CRM data, to encourage effective processes in information sharing, information interpretation, and information access.

Contribution of the article: This article addresses the significance of outsourcing the CRM function and provides evidence that buyer trust in its CRM supplier is a critical factor in its utilization of CRM data for organizational learning and firm performance. It also demonstrates that effective sharing of information, cross-functional integration of customer data, and CRM information accessibility are critical for firm success.     

Why do buyers share knowledge with suppliers in new product development? current and alternative supplier antecedents

Purpose: Interfirm knowledge sharing has been well recognized to activate the performance and competitiveness improvement of the firms. Previous research has discussed the impacts of current suppliers on buyer–supplier knowledge sharing, but does not explain how this influence occurs. This study aims to disclose the mechanism by which both current and competing suppliers impact buyer–supplier knowledge sharing in buyers’ new product development activities.

Methodology/approach: This study proposed a conceptual model based on relational exchange theory and developed eight hypotheses. Questionnaire survey was used to collect empirical data from R&D staff of Taiwanese electronics firms. This study distributed 1,475 questionnaires and received 246 eligible questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to test and verify appropriateness of the proposed model.

Findings: The findings show that current supplier asset specificity positively and directly influences buyer–supplier knowledge sharing in new product development. The current supplier asset specificity also has indirect positive influence on buyer–supplier knowledge sharing in new product development via the mediating effects of buyer trust, satisfaction, and commitment. However, the attractiveness of alternative suppliers only indirectly and negatively affects buyer–supplier knowledge sharing via the mediating effects of buyer trust, satisfaction, and commitment.

Research limitations/implications: This study surveyed the firms in Taiwanese electronics industry. Nevertheless, new product development activities are executed by electronics firms in numerous countries and firms in various industries. For validating the generalization of this study’s results, future research can investigate firms in other industries and countries to verify the proposed model and hypotheses.

Practical implications: Current suppliers’ asset specificity is found to exert more influence on buyer–supplier knowledge sharing than alternative attractiveness. The findings imply that current suppliers should focus on investing specific assets for buyers other than stress the attractiveness and threat of competing suppliers.

Originality/value/contribution: This study initiates to approach the antecedents and influence mechanism of current buyer–supplier knowledge sharing via both perspectives of current and competing suppliers.     

C2C电子商务交易的信住分析——交易平台对信任形成的重要作用

21世纪初,电子商务随着 Internet 的延伸而不断发展。在经历了互联网泡沫后,电子商务逐渐脱去了冲动、豪华的外衣,步入务实阶段。然而他仍没有摆脱网络本身虚拟的特性,使许多交易者在虚幻的网络世界中望而却步,信任问题逐渐制约了人们参与到电子商务中的积极性,尤其是在 C2C 电子商务市场逐渐发展兴旺的今天。本文通过引用前人的经典理论与对现实 C2C 市场的分析,认为,在法律、基础设施等一定的条件下,更易于形成品牌的电子商务交易平台的提供者在人们的"信任"中有着至关重要的作用,可以通过技术的利用,通过认证方式的完备,通过信任评价体系的完善,通过有效的支付保证,促进诚信的互联网文化的形成。     

对普通高校学风建设的思考

高等教育大众化使普通高校的学风建设更显重要。高校必须营建一个有利于学生学习和成长的环境氛围 ,主要的是要加强教师教风的建设、学生学风的建设和学术气氛的创建 ,努力培养出适应社会发展和需要的高质量人才。     

富氮气调在储粮应用中的问题探讨

通过分析现行富氮气调储粮过程中存在的某些问题,提出解决方案,降低富氮气调储粮运行成本,提高富氮气调储粮的经济效益。     

由家族信任到社会信任:家族企业走向职业化管理的必由之路

由于中国社会将信任建立在家族血缘关系上,社会信任普遍缺失,家族制就成为民营企业的唯一选择。民营企业要想走上职业化管理之路,打破家族信任、构建社会信任就成为必然选择。一方面,作为外部社会制度的供给者,政府应构建以法制为基础的社会信任机制;另一方面,作为内部企业制度的供给者,家族企业应建立健全各项内部制度,构筑委托代理双方的心理契约,使之形成长期稳定的信任模式。     

社会流动对村庄信任模式的冲击

在社会化条件下的传统型中国乡村,生产、生活、乃至交往都被卷入了一个开放、流动、分工的社会化体系之中,以往那个封闭、保守、内敛的传统乡村社会中的乡村信任模式在新的社会环境下受到了不可避免的冲击与影响。本文从社会流动对于传统村庄信任模式的冲击的角度思考在社会转型期条件下构建村庄信任模式的理性道路。